CPT (Porto Franco) Incoterms 2020: Regole e Spedizioni Turchia
Il venditore paga il trasporto fino al punto concordato; il rischio si trasferisce al primo vettore.
Updated October 2026 · Brosan Lojistik Operations Desk
Analisi Tecnica Dettagliata di CPT
Meccanismo operativo e applicazione commerciale nelle spedizioni internazionali
Carriage Paid To (CPT) is a two-point Incoterm applicable to all modes of transportation. The seller pays the freight charges to transport the cargo to the agreed destination (e.g., Frankfurt Airport or Vienna rail hub) and clears Turkish export customs. However, the point of risk transfer differs from the point of cost allocation: risk transfers from seller to buyer the instant goods are handed over to the first carrier contracted by the seller. The seller is under no obligation to procure cargo transit insurance. CPT is widely used for air cargo from Istanbul Airport (IST) and containerized rail shipments where the seller controls carrier booking.
Matrice delle responsabilità: acquirente vs venditore
Ripartizione delle responsabilità operative, spese di trasporto e punti di passaggio del rischio
| Fase Operativa | Obbligazione del Venditore | Obbligazione dell'Acquirente | Note & Passaggio del Rischio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Export Packaging & Loading | Mandatory (Seller expense & risk) | None | — |
| Turkish Export Customs Clearance | Mandatory (Seller clears export) | None | — |
| Handover to First Carrier (Risk Transfer) | Delivers to first carrier | Assumes transit risk from this point | 📍 First carrier in Turkey (IST Cargo / Truck depot) |
| International Main Carriage Freight | Mandatory (Seller pays freight to named destination) | None | Air freight or rail line-haul. |
| Transit Cargo Insurance | No obligation to insure | Recommended (Buyer bears transit risk) | Buyer should arrange cargo policy. |
| Destination Terminal Handling (Air/Rail) | Pays if included in transport contract | Pays destination handling if separate | Airline terminal charges. |
| Destination Import Clearance & Duties | None | Mandatory (Buyer clears customs & pays duties) | Destination customs. |
CPT Application in Turkish Air Freight and Rail Corridors
Guida operativa ai sensi della Legge Doganale Turca n. 4458 e regimi di frontiera
CPT is heavily utilized by Turkish garment manufacturers and electronics suppliers shipping urgent air freight from Istanbul Airport (IST Cargo City) to European and North American hubs. Because the seller pays the airline air waybill (AWB) charges, the overseas buyer enjoys fixed landed transport costs while assuming the risk of transit delays or customs hold-ups. For rail freight via Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (BTK) or Halkalı to Budapest, CPT enables Turkish rail operators to manage the route.
Punti Chiave di Conformità Doganale all'Export Turco
- •Seller hands cargo to airline at IST; risk transfers to buyer as soon as the Air Waybill (AWB) is executed.
- •Buyer should always obtain open cargo insurance to cover potential flight damage or air cargo loss.
- •Sales contract must clearly distinguish the 'Place of Handover' (risk) from the 'Place of Destination' (cost).
Errori Tipici dello Speditore da Evitare
- ⚠️Buyers assuming the seller is liable for in-flight damage or transit delays because the seller paid the air freight.
- ⚠️Failure of the buyer to purchase cargo insurance, leaving high-value air shipments exposed to airline liability limits (22 SDR/kg).
- ⚠️Confusion over destination airport terminal handling charges (DTHC) versus airline carriage fees.
Calcolatore tempi di resa internazionali
Verifica i tempi medi di resa porta a porta sui principali corridoi di collegamento con Europa, Regno Unito, USA e Medio Oriente.
Domande Frequenti su CPT
Risposte ufficiali su responsabilità contrattuali, costi e rischi di trasporto
Q1:When does risk transfer under CPT terms?
Risk transfers to the buyer when goods are handed over to the first carrier in Turkey (e.g., at the airline cargo terminal in Istanbul), NOT upon arrival at destination.
Q2:Does the seller have to provide insurance under CPT?
No. The seller is not obligated to provide insurance under CPT. If the buyer wants the seller to provide insurance, CIP should be used instead.
Q3:Why is CPT popular for air freight exports from Turkey?
Turkish exporters can leverage their volume discounts with air carriers at Istanbul Airport (IST) to secure competitive freight rates, while transferring transit risk to the buyer upon airport handover.
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