CPT (Фрахт оплачен) Инкотермс 2020: Правила и доставка из Турции
Продавец оплачивает доставку до места назначения, но риск переходит при передаче первому перевозчику.
Updated October 2026 · Brosan Lojistik Operations Desk
Комплексный технический анализ CPT
Операционный механизм и коммерческое применение в международных грузоперевозках
Carriage Paid To (CPT) is a two-point Incoterm applicable to all modes of transportation. The seller pays the freight charges to transport the cargo to the agreed destination (e.g., Frankfurt Airport or Vienna rail hub) and clears Turkish export customs. However, the point of risk transfer differs from the point of cost allocation: risk transfers from seller to buyer the instant goods are handed over to the first carrier contracted by the seller. The seller is under no obligation to procure cargo transit insurance. CPT is widely used for air cargo from Istanbul Airport (IST) and containerized rail shipments where the seller controls carrier booking.
Матрица ответственности: продавец и покупатель
Построчное распределение обязанностей, расходов на перевозку и точек перехода рисков
| Этап перевозки | Обязанности Продавца | Обязанности Покупателя | Примечания & переход рисков |
|---|---|---|---|
| Export Packaging & Loading | Mandatory (Seller expense & risk) | None | — |
| Turkish Export Customs Clearance | Mandatory (Seller clears export) | None | — |
| Handover to First Carrier (Risk Transfer) | Delivers to first carrier | Assumes transit risk from this point | 📍 First carrier in Turkey (IST Cargo / Truck depot) |
| International Main Carriage Freight | Mandatory (Seller pays freight to named destination) | None | Air freight or rail line-haul. |
| Transit Cargo Insurance | No obligation to insure | Recommended (Buyer bears transit risk) | Buyer should arrange cargo policy. |
| Destination Terminal Handling (Air/Rail) | Pays if included in transport contract | Pays destination handling if separate | Airline terminal charges. |
| Destination Import Clearance & Duties | None | Mandatory (Buyer clears customs & pays duties) | Destination customs. |
CPT Application in Turkish Air Freight and Rail Corridors
Практические аспекты согласно Таможенному кодексу Турции № 4458 и пограничным режимам
CPT is heavily utilized by Turkish garment manufacturers and electronics suppliers shipping urgent air freight from Istanbul Airport (IST Cargo City) to European and North American hubs. Because the seller pays the airline air waybill (AWB) charges, the overseas buyer enjoys fixed landed transport costs while assuming the risk of transit delays or customs hold-ups. For rail freight via Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (BTK) or Halkalı to Budapest, CPT enables Turkish rail operators to manage the route.
Ключевые правила экспортного комплаенса в Турции
- •Seller hands cargo to airline at IST; risk transfers to buyer as soon as the Air Waybill (AWB) is executed.
- •Buyer should always obtain open cargo insurance to cover potential flight damage or air cargo loss.
- •Sales contract must clearly distinguish the 'Place of Handover' (risk) from the 'Place of Destination' (cost).
Типичные ошибки грузоотправителей, которых следует избегать
- ⚠️Buyers assuming the seller is liable for in-flight damage or transit delays because the seller paid the air freight.
- ⚠️Failure of the buyer to purchase cargo insurance, leaving high-value air shipments exposed to airline liability limits (22 SDR/kg).
- ⚠️Confusion over destination airport terminal handling charges (DTHC) versus airline carriage fees.
Калькулятор сроков международной доставки
Ориентировочные сроки доставки «от двери до двери» по торговым маршрутам Европы, Великобритании, Америки и Ближнего Востока.
Часто задаваемые вопросы по CPT
Экспертные ответы по распределению ответственности, затрат и рисков
Q1:When does risk transfer under CPT terms?
Risk transfers to the buyer when goods are handed over to the first carrier in Turkey (e.g., at the airline cargo terminal in Istanbul), NOT upon arrival at destination.
Q2:Does the seller have to provide insurance under CPT?
No. The seller is not obligated to provide insurance under CPT. If the buyer wants the seller to provide insurance, CIP should be used instead.
Q3:Why is CPT popular for air freight exports from Turkey?
Turkish exporters can leverage their volume discounts with air carriers at Istanbul Airport (IST) to secure competitive freight rates, while transferring transit risk to the buyer upon airport handover.
Актуальные торговые коридоры
Связанные логистические услуги
Связанные термины логистики
Запросить ставку на перевозку по CPT
Brosan Lojistik обеспечивает выгодные фрахтовые ставки, таможенное оформление и регулярные отправки под CPT.